Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment, with the highest risk observed for those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In many previous studies, healthy individuals have been compared with persons who have ESRD and are often being treated with hemodialysis. In recent papers, investigators with the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study read more Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study investigators provide extensive normative data for the evaluation of cognitive deficits in kidney disease