{"id":183,"date":"2010-03-17T09:05:56","date_gmt":"2010-03-17T13:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gallandt.wordpress.com\/?p=183"},"modified":"2010-03-17T09:05:56","modified_gmt":"2010-03-17T13:05:56","slug":"weed-seedbanks-2009-on-farm-sampling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/weedecology\/2010\/03\/17\/weed-seedbanks-2009-on-farm-sampling\/","title":{"rendered":"Weed Seedbanks: 2009 On-farm Sampling"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
Seedbanks<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\u201cCredits\u201d to the weed seedbank occur when weeds shed seed, i.e., seed rain, and \u201cdebits\u201d when seeds are removed from the soil by germination, predation, or decay\/death, in this declining order of importance.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Seedbanks on the Beech Grove, New Leaf and Peacemeal Farms<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
During the 2009 field season we visited Eric and Anne Nordell of the Beech Grove Farm in Trout Run, PA, Dave and Christine Colson of New Leaf Farm in Durham, ME, and Mark Guzzie and Marcia Ferry of Peacemeal Farm in Dixmont, ME, to collect soil samples from selected fields. \u00a0At each sampled location on each farm we collected ten soil cores (6.5 cm diam. x 10 cm deep) from a 25 square meter area. \u00a0Soil samples were sieved to remove stones and spread over a layer of vermiculite and placed in a greenhouse. \u00a0Weed seedlings were identified, recorded and removed weekly. \u00a0The soil was allowed to dry and was then mixed and replaced in the flats once a month for four months.<\/div>\n
Weed communities were comprised of an average 8 to 10 species on each farm (see Table, below). \u00a0The three most abundant species at the Peacemeal Farm are troublesome in most vegetable crops and are a widespread problem among northeastern vegetable growers. \u00a0At the New Leaf Farm, smooth crabgrass was the top-ranked species, primarily because of a large infestation in a field where pigs had been pastured. \u00a0Low cudweed and corn spurry, while a problem in salad mix, are not particularly troublesome in most other vegetable crops. \u00a0At the Beech Grove Farm, typically pernicious summer annual weeds were rare and not among the top ranked species.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Typical samples are shown below. \u00a0These photos were taken after approximately 4 weeks in the greenhouse. \u00a0They offer a visual representation of the “low,” “medium,” and “high” seedbanks measured on these farms.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Seedbank Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

Managing weeds with a focus on the seedbank looks at the farming system with an eye first towards opportunities for preempting seed rain with short-season cash or cover crops that are harvested or terminated before troublesome weed species produce mature seeds. \u00a0Next, opportunities for shallow soil disturbance, strategically-timed to be coincident with weed species-specific peak emergence potential, will encourage germination. \u00a0Subsequent disturbance events can kill these \u201cflushes\u201d of weeds. \u00a0When seed rain occurs, opportunities for predation are greater if seeds remain on the soil surface. \u00a0This hypothesis, that fall tillage should be delayed to encourage seed predation is the focus of current field studies.<\/p>\n

For more information see:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Managing weeds with crop rotation<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.newenglandvfc.org\/pdf_proceedings\/2009\/MWWCR.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

and these eXtension articles:<\/p>\n

Manage the Weed Seed Bank\u2014Minimize “Deposits” and Maximize “Withdrawals”<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.extension.org\/article\/18527<\/a><\/p>\n

Manipulating Weed Seed Banks to Promote their Decline<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.extension.org\/article\/18528<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Management focused on the weed seedbank can result in few problematic species and overall low abundance of germinable seeds.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1032,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,75],"tags":[110,119,121,123,137],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecologically-based-weed-management","category-weed-seedbank","tag-cultivation","tag-organic-farming","tag-organic-weed-control","tag-physical-weed-control","tag-weed-seedbank-management"],"yoast_head":"\nWeed Seedbanks: 2009 On-farm Sampling - Weed Ecology and Management - University of Maine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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