Congratulations, Billy! Examining Student Ability to Follow and Interact with Qualitative Inferential Reasoning Chains William N. Ferm (Billy) Thesis for Master’s of Science in Teaching (MST) The effectiveness of scaffolded, research-based instruction in physics has been extensively documented in the literature. However, even after such instruction, students who demonstrate a solid conceptual understanding on one read more Billy Ferm graduates with a Master of Science in Teaching