{"id":603,"date":"2017-01-04T22:00:20","date_gmt":"2017-01-04T22:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jlintondesign.com\/climatechronology.com\/?page_id=7"},"modified":"2017-01-04T22:00:20","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T22:00:20","slug":"home-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/home-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical Context"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 21px;padding-bottom: 20px\"><strong><em>In the context of energy\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<h1 class=\"heading\">19<sup>th<\/sup> Century overview<\/h1>\n<p class=\"post-detail\">Humans in parts of Europe and the United States replace the biomass fuels that had served Homo sapiens for tens of thousands of years with the highly energy-intensive fossil fuel coal. Coal fuels the industrial revolution. Machine technology and the corporate form of business organization \u2014 punctuated by passage of the British Limited Liability Act of 1855 \u2014 facilitate both the extraction of coal and the deployment of coal\u2019s energy to reshape civilization\u2019s infrastructure and way of life. U.S. consumption of fossil fuels surpasses that of wood in the early 1880\u2019s. During the second half of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, the average U.S. per capita supply of all energy increases by 25%; utilization of coal increases by a factor of ten.<sup>*<\/sup><\/p>\n<h1 class=\"heading\">20<sup>th<\/sup> Century overview<\/h1>\n<p class=\"post-detail\">Oil and gas join the arsenal of high energy fossil fuels, in particular fueling new modes of rapid global land, sea, and air transportation. Coal is the predominant fuel in the production of electricity. Total energy consumption worldwide experiences unprecedented growth. Between 1900 and 2000, consumption of fossil fuels rises almost fifteen-fold. As Vaclav Smil notes, \u201c[I]n spite of the near quadrupling of global population \u2014 from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 6.1 billion in 2000 \u2014 average annual per capital supply of commercial energy more than quadrupled from just 14 GJ[gigajoules] to roughly 60 GJ\u2026\u201d U.S. residents are far and away the largest consumers of energy. Between 1900 and 2000 annual per capita energy supply in the United States more than triples to about 340 GJ\/capita, or more than five times the global average.<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<p class=\"footnote-body\"><sup>*<\/sup>Vaclav Smil, <em>Energy at the Crossroads: Global Perspectives and Uncertainties <\/em>(Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005), 1.<br \/>\n<sup>**<\/sup>Ibid., 6.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the context of energy\u2026 19th Century overview Humans in parts of Europe and the United States replace the biomass fuels that had served Homo sapiens for tens of thousands of years with the highly energy-intensive fossil fuel coal. Coal fuels the industrial revolution. Machine technology and the corporate form of business organization \u2014 punctuated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1759,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-603","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Historical Context - A Climate Chronology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/home-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historical Context - A Climate Chronology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the context of energy\u2026 19th Century overview Humans in parts of Europe and the United States replace the biomass fuels that had served Homo sapiens for tens of thousands of years with the highly energy-intensive fossil fuel coal. Coal fuels the industrial revolution. 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