MF 165 ANT 326 and 431 Folklore, the Environment, and Public Policy Collection

Northeast Archives of Folklore and Oral History: MF 165 ANT 326 and 431 Folklore, the Environment, and Public Policy Collection

Number of accessions: 48
Dates when interviews were conducted: 2010 & 2011
Time period covered: 20th century
Principal interviewers: various
Finding aides: none
Access restrictions: For many, the copyright was retained by the depositor.
Description: This collection consists of 48 undergraduate student research papers prepared for a course titled Folklore, the Environment, and Public Policy (ANT 326 and ANT 431), taught by Pauleena MacDougall in the spring semesters of 2010 and 2011 at the University of Maine in Orono. The course examines the interaction of humans with the environment from the perspective of folklore and reviews its impact on public policy at the local, state, federal and international level. Topics of some of the papers include traditional medicine, basket making, environmental sustainability, energy resources, etc.

3738 By Denise Simoneau for ANT 431, spring 2011. Paper, titled “The Search for Franco-American Herbal Remedies,” paper deals with a simple story from her Franco-American childhood which so inspired her imagination she decided to search for the herbal remedies her Franco-American ancestors used; the use of folklore, memoirs, and fiction to learn about Franco-American herbal remedies; discusses what the State of Maine is doing in regards to preserving Franco-American traditions; discusses the establishment of Franco-American Day and LD 656 which established a task force to study Franco-Americans in Maine and to find ways to promote and preserve Franco-American heritage. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3739 By Linette Mailhot for ANT 431, spring 2011. Paper, titled “Wolves: The Cultural Impact of Their Presence and Removal,” deals with what wolves represent and their relationship with human culture; hunting of wolves sometimes a part of tradition; danger of extinction; Tasmanian Wolf; grey wolf; theories for the sudden exodus of wolves from Maine; traditions and legends characterizing wolves passed down by Native Americans; Muskhogean legend; Winnebago tribe creation myth; shift from vengeful, loyal creatures to bloodthirsty, dangerous monsters; werewolves; lycanthropy; possible effects of extinction. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3740 By Bruce P. Doughty for ANT 431, spring, 2011. Paper, titled “Brown Ash and the Wabanaki People of Maine,” deals with the Wabanaki who believe they were created from the brown ash tree; used today for making baskets; where the brown ash tree grows; how to select a tree that will be good for basket making; steps in processing of the logs; traditional uses for baskets; uses of baskets after contact with Europeans; basket making became a source of income; problems facing the use of brown ash tree include habitat loss, effect of pollution, land owner challenges, invasive species, and tree disease; ash borer beetle; logging; interview with John Banks, Penobscot Nation’s Natural Resources Director; symbolic connection between the brown ash tree and the Wabanaki people. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3741 By Alesha Coffi for ANT 431, spring 2011. Paper, titled “At the Local Level,” deals with Maine’s fishing industry; essential to state’s well being; fishery management; depletion of cod fisheries in the 1990s; tragedy of the commons; each man seeking his own gain will lead to everyone’s downfall; self-destructive over exploitation; problem of over fishing; seafood vital to Maine’s economy; fishing industry folklore, stories, superstitions; Dan Libby, fisherman from Brunswick, Maine; Libby’s Market; following fishing regulations; regulations imposed by the government versus regulations enacted in cooperation with fishermen; difference between regulations in Maine and in other New England states; lack of processing plants; demand for higher catch numbers; declining fish populations; solution to the problem may have to start at the local level. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3742 By Kayla Cannell for ANT 431, spring 2011. Paper, titled“Energy vs. Energy, Which One Is Better?” deals with alternative sources of energy; conservation of energy; solar power; wood pellet stoves; wood pellets; renewable energy industry; high cost of some forms of energy; rising fuel prices; different types of home insulation; gas; propane; Efficiency Maine; wind power; chemical emission rates; carbon dioxide. Text: 12 pp. paper.

3743 Chris Ludden for ANT 431, spring 2011. Paper, titled “Traditional Hunting,” deals with why people hunt; as a sport; for food; intergenerational pastime shared between parent and child; method of family bonding; way to impart life lessons; rites of passage; respect for the quarry; ritual; respect for natural environment; Maine state laws and regulations; role in state economy; hunting license; timeline from 1830 to 1998 of events related to hunting laws for white-tailed deer; endangered species; resource management and protection of white-tailed deer; crime of poaching. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3744 By Caleb Savage for ANT 431, April 24, 2011. Paper, titled “Medicinal Plants/Herbs Native to the Maine Region,” deals with the more common medicinal plants found in Maine and their medicinal purposes, including Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa), St. John’s wort, wintergreen/teaberry, great burdock, blueberries, ferns such as common clubmoss, Christmas fern, and bracken fern, trees such as eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, balsam fir, and trees in the willow family. Discusses the benefits of alternative forms of medicine as well as the cautions which need to be observed; increased interest in alternatives to traditional prescribed drugs. Text: 12 pp. paper.

3749 By Jennifer Bailey for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Sweetgrass: Its Importance to Maine Indian Tribes and the Future of Traditional Maine Basketmaking,” deals with the cultural importance of sweetgrass to Native Americans in Maine; smudging; talking circle; use of sweetgrass in rituals and ceremonies; use of sweetgrass in traditional basket making; Passamaquoddy basket weaver Diane Apt harvests and braids sweetgrass; damaging effects of bad harvesting practices and of invasive species; cutting vs. pulling when harvesting blades; purple loosestrife; changes in harvesting needed to make sweetgrass sustainable; Maine Indian Basketmakers Alliance; Tanya Bell represents a new generation of sweetgrass harvesters; need for change to preserve the traditional uses of sweetgrass. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3750 By Sarah Dow for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper deals with the importance of forest sustainability to the future of logging; father Randy is a carpenter; builds speakers; fewer customers because of bad economy and increase in price of materials; damaging effect to the environment of using gas to transport lumber around the country; tree farming as an alternative to current logging strategies; problems of illegal logging and laws put in place to manage logging; 5 laws in Maine which affect logging: Protection and Improvement of Waters Law, Erosion and Sedimentation Control Law, Natural Resources Protection Act (NRPA), Shoreland Zoning Act (SZA), and Forest Practices Act (FPA); recycling; need for small businesses that work with wood to be preserved. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3751 By Bryon Hasch for ANT 326, April 20, 2010. Paper, titled “Medicinal Plants in Environmental Sustainability Efforts,” deals with medicinal plants; gain understanding of nature and its relationship to health; traditional healers; balance between utilization and destruction; treating with plants enables self-care; Western medicine uses scientific method and knows more of causation; traditional healers need to know plant properties and their habitats; FDA prevents many natural remedies; most people don’t understand modern medicine; herbal remedies can improve health of people and environment; resurgence of natural supplements; inseparability of plant and product; locals have greater understanding of their environment; cultivation practices for sustainability; spread of medicinal plants more likely in rural environment in New England; growing awareness of herbal remedies and its subsequent benefits. Text: 15 pp. paper.

3752 Jeannette Daggett, interviewed by Kara West for ANT 326, spring (2009?2010?). Paper, titled “Environmental Sustainability in the Northeast Region of the United States and Canada,” deals with Victory Gardens of World Wars I and II; relief gardens of the Great Depression; how these programs came into being; how successful they were; why they were not continued; current economic situation and environmental movements encouraging support for local sustainable farming. Also included: illustrations. Text: 13 pp. paper.

3753 By Alex Hernandez for ANT 431, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Sugaring in Western Maine: Past, Present, and a Very Uncertain Future,”deals with maple sap harvesting in West Minot, Maine; Joni Slattery, co-proprietor of the West Minot Sugar House; Slattery’s farm and Maple Supply Company; maple sugaring as part of the northern New England identity; origins of sap harvesting; Native American folklore; evolution of sap harvesting; sugar shacks; sugaring is family and community based; maple trees; logistics of tree tapping in West Minot; processing sap into syrup; effect of weather patterns on sugaring operations. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3754 By Brenda Clawson for ANT 431, April 23, 2010. Paper, titled “Backyard Sustainability: Searching for the Good Life,” deals with overuse of oil and gas in producing our food; climate change caused by humans and its effect on species; why we need sustainability for our resources; backyard sustainability is when people find ways of becoming self-sufficient; Native Americans had some of the first sustainability concepts in the United States; keeping preservation of nature in mind leads to sustainable gardening; building healthy soil is the first step; next step is planting items that grow in your area; some families sustain themselves off plants and animals grown only on their land; people tend to want healthier food that hasn’t been genetically modified; backyard sustainability needs to be taught to children; backyard sustainability is intended to reduce people’s carbon footprints; how growing our own plants cuts back on global warming. Text: 18 pp. paper.

3755 By Samuel Lavoie, for ANT 326, May 1, 2010. Paper, titled “Nature’s Ambassadors: Maine Guides and Environmental Sustainability,” deals with Maine Guides being helpful resources in learning about environmental sustainability; interview with George Lavoie, a Master Maine Guide; difficulty and honor of becoming a Maine Guide; Maine Guides must have extensive knowledge of the wilderness and natural world; Maine Guides promote the idea of leaving the land as is and not causing nature harm; dealing with problems like deforestation; recently Guides have become educators of the global environment; if Maine Guides had stronger influence they could help attain environmental sustainability. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3756 By Ogheneovo Dibie for ANT 326, spring semester 2010. Paper, titled “Environmental Sustainability of Lumbering in Maine,” deals with the importance of forests and woodlands in the environment; they have many benefits including sustainable habitats for species; since the 17th century use of woodlands for resources has been destructive; Maine has a huge resource of forests and can provide a lot for the logging, paper, and mill industries; lumbering in Maine has caused a big toll on the environment; understanding of present practices requires a look at the past; steps taken to reduce environmental damage through lumbering in Maine; ways to ensure sustainability in Maine’s forests. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3757 By Elizabeth Joy for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “If I Could Just Milk One More Cow: the Death and Proposed Revival of the Small New England Dairy Farm,” deals with the transformation of dairy farming over the last 60 years; New England lagged behind the rest of the country in adopting new industrialized practices of dairy farming; introduction of big diesel trucks for transporting milk; modern feeding methods for cows; practices for handling manure; small dairy farms in New England rapidly disappearing; new technology and market competition caused huge dairy farms to appear and kill the small ones; this change has been supporting the global economy where goods are shipped anywhere; small dairy farms would be better for the New England communities; attempt to bring them back; push to create sustainability in the dairy industry; there needs to be a reduction in the globalization of the industry and the use of resources. Text: 14 pp. paper.

3758 Frank Dowling, David Tremblay, Charles Hutchinson, Ronald Farwell, interviewed by Ronald Farwell for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper deals with conservation of forestry and farming resources: theory of the Tragedy of the Commons; responsible use of farmland and forests would benefit the Northeast; interviews with loggers Dowling and Tremblay and with farmers Hutchinson and father of Farwell; overuse of forests for resources has been damaging; settlers were wasteful in their logging; experiences with early Maine logging companies; early farms were small and community based; working with farming or logging was often passed down through families; Northeast region’s reliance on these resources; realization of the resources’ importance and people’s destructive habits changed the industries. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3759 Judy Dow, interviewed by Jessica Erickson for ANT 326, April 25, 2010. Paper, titled “What the Earth Can Teach Us: an Investigation Into the Benefits of Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants,” deals with how knowledge of traditional medicine can benefit modern medical practices; interview with Dow, woman of Abenaki descent living in Essex, VT; medicinal value of plants; environmental effects of pharmaceuticals; comparison of traditional and pharmaceutical treatments for diabetes; traditional plants used to treat cancer; Labrador tea; indigenous people understand way medicinal plants affect their bodies without understanding the science behind it; excessive pollution produced by pharmaceutical industry around the world; need to reduce amount of chemicals introduced into the environment by the pharmaceutical industry. Also included: 1 pp. application for Approval of Research with Human Subjects; 3 pp. Instructions; 2 pp. Summary of Proposal. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3760 Sara Speidel, interviewed by Lisa Haberzettl for ANT 326, April 2010. Paper, titled “Wildcrafting in the Northeastern United States: Plant Uses and Harvesting Ethics,” deals with gathering and utilization of wild plants for medicinal treatments known as wildcrafting; interview with herbalist Speidel; many herbs and medicinal plants can be found in the Maine environment; wildcrafting has been beneficial to the small organic medical industry of Maine; herbalists’ respect for the earth and sustaining resources; some problems have arisen due to over harvesting of some plant species; multiple uses for species like plantain leaves, nettles, mulleins, red clover, and others. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3761 By Kerry Hanson, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Wind Power in Maine: the Good, the Bad & the Ugly,” deals with dwindling energy sources and rising energy demand creating market for alternative energy sources; Maine’s topography is a prime location for developing wind power; problems with wind turbines in Vinalhaven; community acceptance of wind turbines in Saco despite lack of wind; wind turbines not producing enough to be worth their cost; wind power’s lack of use due to high support of other energy sources; desire for clean energy is not stronger than desire to keep wind turbines away from Maine residents and scenic areas; not in my backyard. Text: 12 pp. paper.

3769 By Andrew Bean for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Medicinal Plants,” deals with organizations in place to protect medicinal plants from extinction; ways that groups and programs prevent over-harvesting of medicinal plants; over-harvesting harmful to ecosystems and reduces available medicine; examples of species at risk for extinction slippery elm, wild ginseng, golden seal, black cohosh, echinacea, witch hazel, yarrow, mullein, boneset, mallow, cannabis; some medicinal plants native to Maine and others brought by settlers. Text: 13 pp. paper.

3770 By Nancy Bergerson for ANT 326, April 24, 2010. Paper, titled “The Loss and Rebuilding of Culture and Place Among the Abenaki and Wabanaki Tribes,” deals with the steady decline in population in these tribes; history of the two tribes in New England; effect of European settlement; differences in attitudes about land ownership; settlers’ destructive habits of dealing with the ecosystems of New England; Abenakis and Wabanakis remaining in New England adopted the settler’s lifestyles, married them and blended in; parents stopped passing on language and traditional teachings or stories to children to protect them; acknowledgment of tribal rights; State of Maine compensated tribes who had land illegally taken; reestablishment of tribes’ cultural identity and homelands; need for more legal recognition. Text: 13 pp. paper.

3771 By Alissa Brown for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Stinson Sardine Factory of Prospect Harbor,” deals with the closing of the canning factory in April 2010; economic hardship for the area; uses of herring or sardines; how to catch herring; Stinson sardine plant began canning in 1927; bought out by Bumble Bee Foods in 2004; nutrients in sardines; sardines as a delicacy and diet fad; herring at risk for over-harvesting off the coast of Maine; negative effects on Gouldsboro with the closing of the canning factory; positive effects on the environment and food chain with less herring being caught. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3772 Donna Sewall, interviewed by Melissa Burton for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Organic,” deals with organic agriculture and life; interview with organic farmer Sewall; sustainable agriculture; rules and regulations for organic farming; monoculture causing dead zones in large tracts of agricultural land; pros and cons of organic living. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3773 By Laura Callnan for ANT 326, April 4, 2010. Paper, titled “The Traditional Use of Plants for Medicinal Purposes: Why Do We Rely So Heavily on Synthetic Drugs When Nature Has Provided So Many Natural Remedies?” deals with reluctance of current Wabanaki practitioners to discuss medicinal plants; information taken from book by Prins and McBride about Wabanaki’s use of medicinal plants on Mount Desert Island; shamans; spread of disease from European settlers throughout the Wabanaki; understanding of medicinal uses of plants through visions or dreams; belief that power of healing spirit within plants is expressed as a song; each plant has its own song; communication with plants through ceremony; ways plants are taken as medicine; oak sap; pleurisy root milkweed; yellow dock; red root; yarrow; government policies regarding use of plants for medicinal purposes. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3774 By Christopher Cayer for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Sustainability of Organic Farming in Maine,” deals with use of chemicals in farming and its effect on environment and health; organic agriculture’s potential to be environmentally friendly; processes such as biological pest control; lack of organic food grown regardless of its benefits; technique of using natural fertilizers to make healthier soil; MOFGA’s involvement with helping organic farmers in Maine; work being done to try and make organic agriculture able to sustain the world population; organic farming in New England has potential to continue expanding; need to spread knowledge of organic farming; excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created by industrial agriculture; reduction of these damages by using organic farming.
Text: 11 pp. paper.

3775 By Cody Charrier for ANT 326, April 25, 2010. Paper, titled “At the Heart of the Issue,” deals with the role of Governor General in Canadian government; Governor General Michaëlle Jean’s seal eating incident in the Arctic; Inuit cultural tradition of seal hunting; Inuits hunt seals for fur and meat; folk story of sea goddess Sedna; Inuit story of first tears; views of animal right’s activists on seal hunting and their attempts to stop it; European Union ban on exporting seal products; Canadian Governor General’s eating of seal and its controversy; Governor General’s side of her story; mixed reactions of Canadians and non-Canadians over this event. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3776 By Elizabeth Clavette for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “The Logging Industry ‘Past and Present,’” deals with resource occupations in Maine such as logging, fishing, and farming; folk tale of Paul Bunyan; history of the logging industry in Maine; technological advances changed the logging industry logging resembled an assembly line; pros and cons of these advancements on the forest ecosystem; damaging effects of clear cutting; cooperation between the Cree living in northern Quebec and the Canadian government; reduction of energy use in the lumber industry would result in benefitting the environment; MOFGA’s Low Impact Forestry project. Text: 13 pp. paper.

3777 By Amy Cross for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “The Evolution of Place and Virtual Folklore,” deals with the volume of internet usage for virtual worlds; variety of virtual communities available online; user created folklore and its impact across the internet; folklore in virtual worlds’ spread through communities; virtual communities’ creation and expansion; personal connections to virtual worlds; The Four Bridges Project (4B), a virtual community; the debate of whether virtual folklore can be considered folklore. Also included: illustrations. Text: 12 pp. paper.

3778 By Ambrosia Duvefelt for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Lobster Fishing Industry in Maine,” deals with the history of the lobster industry; work the state has done to sustain lobster populations; regulations in place to prevent over harvesting of lobsters; costs lobstermen have to pay to stay in the industry; promotion of lobster as a luxury to increase sales and benefit the industry. Text: 7 pp. paper.

3779 By John Gaylord for ANT 326, April 16, 2010. Paper, titled “Medicinal Plants,” deals with the testing and researching of medicinal plants being conducted worldwide; ethnobotanists; United States has decided to do less research because of time and cost involved; many plants and plant compounds used in prescription drugs and medicine; witch hazel; foxglove; opium poppy; many ancient Egyptian and Chinese medicinal practices are still in use today; in history medicinal plant knowledge was passed mostly through oral tradition and was part of folk knowledge; medicinal plants and traditional knowledge of these plants are disappearing; growing demand for herbal remedies; rosy periwinkle; harmful current practices such as clear cutting and their effect on medicinal plant species; United States working on conservation efforts. Text: 13 pp. paper.

3780 By Leonard Hall for ANT 326, April 22, 2010. Paper, titled “Folk Music of Maine,” deals with Maine’s strong history and traditions reflected in its music; two distinct cultures in Maine: inland and coastal; inland culture strongly relies on the lumber industry; expressed in folk music; inland traditions of farming and hunting for sustenance; strong nature of Maine women depicted through folk songs; foresters’ sense of place; coastal culture includes fishermen; their lives portrayed through folk music in Maine; coastal communities have dual sense of place: on land and at sea; both cultures live off the land, endure hardships, and have a strong sense of community; folk music’s benefits in keeping traditions alive for all Mainers. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3781 By Charlene Hodnett for ANT 326, April 11, 2010. Paper, titled “Folklore in the Logging World: Traditions Unlike Any Others,” deals with the history and current magnitude of the logging industry; emphasis on physical strength and rugged masculinity of lumberjacks reflected in Maine folklore; tall tales told about real life lumberjacks; Paul Bunyan; unique culture in logging camps; desire to preserve Maine forests in order to preserve the cultural world of lumberjacks; change in the world for lumberjacks brought about by modern technology; modern timbersport and lumberjack competitions bringing in fans; Lumberjack World Championships; traditions of the past are only memories now; difficulty of the past logging culture to survive in today’s society. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3782 By Sheena Hunter for ANT 326, April 24, 2010. Paper, titled “Cultural and Environmental Relationships Involving the Penobscot River: How Do We Move Forward?” deals with the importance of the Penobscot River; Penobscot Indian culture depends on the River; relations between Penobscot Indians and Europeans; pollution of the river and its impact on Penobscot Indian culture; Penobscot River in Penobscot Indian mythology; belief that cleaning of the Penobscot River lacks the priority it needs to preserve Penobscot Indian culture; improvement in the lives of the Penobscot Indians as well as other fishermen would come with the restoration of the Penobscot River; decrease in pollution levels since 1972 due to action of government agencies; need for more action to reduce the pollution to safe levels. Text: 8 pp. paper.

3783 By Laura Labbe for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Maple Sugaring,” deals with harvesting and processing of sap from maple trees to make syrup; Iroquois legend about how maple sugaring first came to be; process used by Native Americans to make maple sugar; improvements by early settlers to the syrup making process; use of sugar shacks or sugar houses for boiling down sap; how to tap maple trees; how to boil the sap; processes and successes of Maine maple farms such as Harris Farm; experiencing Maine maple production on Maine Maple Weekend; high sustainability of the maple producing industry in northern New England. Also included: illustrations. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3784 By Chloe LaPointe for ANT 326, April 6, 2010. Paper, titled “Traditional Folk Medicine and its Place in the Western World,” deals with alternative remedies being equal to or better than western medicine; placebo effect in modern drug testing; effects of mindset and meditation on the body; transcendental meditation; effectiveness of modern medicine compared to that of herbal remedies; confidence in medicines making them more effective; lack of side effects in herbal remedies; harmful practices of uprooting and moving medicinal plants; negative examples of bindweed and Polytrichum gracile being damaged or moved; positives of combining traditional and conventional medicine. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3785 By Cody Martel for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and the Response,” deals with negative effects of disposing of pharmaceuticals and personal care products on the environment; contamination from drug waste harming almost all organisms on the planet; high risk of drug compounds reaching drinking water and food; industrial factories dumping vast amounts of pharmaceutical waste into the environment; lack of biodegradability; pharmaceuticals should be manufactured in a more environmentally friendly way; waste treatment facilities should be equipped to remove pharmaceuticals; spreading knowledge to people can help promote green pharmaceuticals; folk medicine does not have the harmful waste, but is not as trusted as pharmaceuticals; any medicine that uses plant chemistry will be more sustainable than pharmaceuticals; traditional remedies that were common in Frenchville, Maine prior to the 1970s. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3786 By Samuel Mayhew for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Environmental Preservation Lives On,” deals the beginning of harm to the environment in America when settlers arrived; Native Americans practiced environmental preservation; practices and repression of solar technology; Hopi folk tale about the significance of the sun which was considered the creator of all life; modern push to find alternative energy such as solar power; Native Americans approve of use of solar thermal collecting because there are no waste emissions; switch to harmful energy source such as nuclear; problem of harmful nuclear waste; nuclear power plants on the land of Native Americans causing harm and stress to the tribes; modern energy efficiency projects and the search for renewable energy; increased emergence of solar energy and using it to replace nuclear. Also included: illustrations. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3787 By Travis McAlpine for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Logging Sustainability Research Paper,” deals with the history of the logging industry in Maine; mechanization of the logging industry and the changes it brought about; building of dams and roads for power and transportation within the industry; modern practices of sustainability and laws passed to maintain the amount of trees in Maine forests; importance of reforestation; mandate to have licensed forestry professional on the payroll of logging companies; policies and practices that must be upheld to continue sustainability in Maine forests. Text: 6 pp. paper.

3788 By Emma Morrison for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Risks and Benefits of the Mainstreaming and Mass Production of Natural and Herbal Medicines,” deals with the history of use of herbal healing; in United States in 1962 Food and Drug Administration required drug companies to prove the effectiveness of their products thus making it more difficult to get them approved; modern drugs usually have one active ingredient; difficult to find one active ingredient in natural and herbal medicines; FDA’s removal of most natural remedies from the market; revival of herbal remedies in the 90’s due to increase in environmental awareness; natural remedies considered dietary supplements rather than medicines; Stevia; problems with mass producing natural medicines; Native Americans shifting to use of modern medicine; Indian Health Service. Text: 10 pp. paper.

3789 By Jessica Stevens for ANT 326, April 22, 2010. Paper, titled “Linking Tourism and Sustainability: How to Move Forward Without Destroying the Environment,” deals with environmental concerns; damage that tourism does to the environment; environmental sustainability with forestry and agriculture; Brutland Commission; economic boosters of Maine; relationship of folklore to tourism; tourism business in Raymond, Maine; sustainable tourism us aware and sensitive to cultural and environmental impacts and welcomes the decisions and thoughts of local people; causes of the downfall of environmental sustainability; tourism as a tool in economic development. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3790 By Heather Marie Salisbury for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “The Seven Sacred Ceremonies of the Cherokee,” deals with the seven clans of the Cherokee Nation; Trail of Tears; beliefs of the Cherokee; 1811-1812 Ghost Dance; Redbird Smith movement; seven sacred ceremonies held every year; First New Moon of Spring ceremony; Green Corn ceremony; Ripe Corn ceremony; Great New Moon ceremony; Atohuna “friends made” ceremony; Bounding Bush ceremony; Uku Dance ceremony held every seventh year; matrilineal clans. Text: 12 pp. paper.

3791 By Craig Rumery for ANT 326, April 25, 2010. Paper, titled “Adapting Culture To Better the Environment,” deals with the damage being done to the earth and its resources; work being done by countries to counteract pollution and poor management of resources; division between people who want change and those who don’t; government brings about change by using education or money; pollution built into culture in the U. S.; people’s attitude needs to change for us to make progress; Native Americans respect the land and its animals; attitudes toward Native Americans in Maine; need for a test case to prove that changing people’s view of the environment can lead to improvements; Native Americans in Maine have stayed relevant and unified; Maine Indian Claims Settlement Act; introduction of Native American history and culture into classrooms; research into genealogy; Native American History Month; wilderness study and appreciation. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3792 By Elyssa Phinney for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper deals with the adaptability of Native Americans; Indian groups in Maine; effects of European contact in Maine; disease and the effect on indigenous people; trading between colonists and Native Americans; use of birch bark basket s in trading with colonists; Micmac; splint baskets; story of the creation of the first Abenaki people; how to make splint baskets; potato baskets and harvesting of potatoes; disappearance of white birch and brown ash trees; program of basket banks started by Micmac in Aroostook County. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3793 By Dorothy “Dodie” Rogers for ANT 326, April 21, 2010. Paper, titled “Basket Making,” deals with basket making; videos showing the making of baskets; made of ash wood; cost of making baskets; where to find basket making supplies online; disappearance of ash trees due to emerald ash borer; life cycle, effects, and control of emerald ash borer. Also included: illustrations. Text: 9 pp. paper.

3800 Professor James M. Acheson, interviewed by Jeremy Allen for ANT 326, spring 2010. Paper, titled “Lobster Fishing: an Example of Effective Co-Management of a Fishing Industry in Maine,” deals with parametric fisheries management; fishing management of the lobster industry over the last 150 years; technological innovations and legislation; interview with Professor Acheson; flaws in the quota systems implemented in many fishing industries; chaos theory; stock recruitment models; bottom-up management by local fishing communities; history of Maine fishing; double-gauge measurement system; V-notch program; escape vent in lobster traps; small scale community management; conservation plans for lobster fishing; local influence on the fishing industry; taboos and customs in lobster fishing; sustainability of lobster fishing in the future. Text: 11 pp. paper.

3801 By Makaela Thompson for ANT 326, April 17, 2010. Paper, titled “Aroostook County,” deals with the potato industry in Aroostook County; ten steps to growing and farming potatoes; Potato Blossom Festival; importance of regular irrigation for potato crops; national impact of the Maine potato industry; interview with mother who grew up on a potato farm; Aroostook lifestyle developed around potato farms and the potato industry. Text: 4 pp. paper.

3802 By Noah Winter for ANT 326, April 11, 2010. Paper, titled “Traditional Energy in New England,” deals with traditional energy in New England; wind power; history of wind power; construction and design of windmills; New England windmills; windmills in modern day; coal; steam engines; impact of steam engines in whaling; modern steam engine alternatives; diesel energy; history of diesel engines; fishing industries; diesel energy today. Also included: illustrations. Text: 11 pp. paper.